| Prefixes, the most frequently used elements
in the formation of Greek and Latin words, consist of one or more syllables (prepositions or adverbs) placed before words
or roots to show various kinds of relationships. They are never used independently, but when added before verbs, adjectives,
or nouns, they modify the meaning. Many prefixes are added to other words with a hyphen, but medical dictionary publishers
are opting to drop the hyphen on many of the more common prefixed medical words.
Most prefixes are a part of words in ordinary speech and do
not refer specifically to medical or scientific terminology, but
there are many that occur frequently in medical terminology, and
studying them is an important step in learning medical terms and
building a medical vocabulary.
|
Prefix
|
Translation of Greek
or Latin
|
Examples
|
| A (an before vowel) |
Without, lack of |
Apathy (lack of feeling); apnea
(without breath); aphasia (without speech); anemia (lack of blood) |
| Ab |
Away from |
Abductor (leading away from); aboral
(away from mouth) |
| Ad |
To, toward, near to |
Adductor (leading toward); adhesion
(sticking to); adnexia (structures joined to); adrenal (near the
kidney) |
| Ambi |
Both |
Ambidextrous (ability to use hands
equally); ambilaterally (both sides) |
| Amphi |
About, on both sides, both |
Amphibious (living on both land
and water) |
| Ampho |
Both |
Amphogenic (producing offspring
of both sexes) |
| Ana |
Up, back, again, excessive |
Anatomy (a cutting up); anagenesis
(reproduction of tissue); anasarca (excessive serum in cellular
tissues of body) |
| Ante |
Before, forward |
Antecubital (before elbow); anteflexion
(forward bending) |
| Anti |
Against, opposed to, reversed |
Antiperistalsis (reversed peristalsis);
antisepsis (against infection) |
| Apo |
From, away from |
Aponeurosis (away from tendon);
apochromatic (abnormal color) |
| Bi |
Twice, double |
Biarticulate (double joint); bifocal
(two foci); bifurcation (two branches) |
| Cata |
Down, according to, complete |
Catabolism (breaking down); catalepsia
(complete seizure); catarrh (flowing down) |
| Circum |
Around, about |
Circumflex (winding about); circumference
(surrounding); circumarticular (around joint) |
| Com |
With, together |
Commissure (sending or coming together) |
| Con |
With, together |
Conductor (leading together); concrescence
(growing together); concentric (having a common center) |
Continued . . . 
Prefixes Page 2: "Contra"
To "Hypo"
Prefixes Page 3: "Im"
To "Ultra"
The list below covers just a few areas of interest
that are, in fact, the foundations for learning the language of
medicine - medical terminology.
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